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IMO 2028: How Much Biofuel Will Be Needed to Avoid Penalties?
Initial Ship & Bunker analysis shows ships would need to use between 17.6% and 23.3% biofuel in B100 terms to avoid penalty charges in 2028.
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24AprGlobal VLSFO prices extended Tuesday's gains on Wednesday. Read in Full
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24AprFincoEnergies has partially acquired the business operations of bunker supplier Oliehandel Klaas de Boer. Read in Full
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24AprNew UK guidance outlines safe ammonia adoption for shipowners, focusing on risk assessment, crew training and regulatory compliance. Read in Full
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23AprMeanwhile, trading may be swayed by collapse of Russia/Ukraine peace talks. Read in Full
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23AprThe US port in total has received funding of nearly $16 million for the shore power project. Read in Full
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23AprDebris in the lube oil system caused a fire on the Ocean Navigator in 2023. Read in Full
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23AprThe Japanese shipbuilder has ramped up construction of methanol-fuelled vessels at its factories in both the Philippines and China. Read in Full
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23AprThe hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) to power the ferry is supplied by Circle K. Read in Full
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23AprThe engine planned for installation on a gas carrier has started ammonia-fuelled co-firing operation. Read in Full
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23AprShip & Bunker's G20-VLSFO Index gained $0.50/mt to $526.50/mt on Tuesday, having declined by $3.50/mt the previous day. Read in Full
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23AprA tugboat operated by Wilson Sons was bunkered with biofuel derived from hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). Read in Full
MEPC 83 & IMO 2028
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Apr 23Initial Ship & Bunker analysis shows ships would need to use between 17.6% and 23.3% biofuel in B100 terms to avoid penalty charges in 2028. -
Apr 18Initial Ship & Bunker estimates show surplus units generated by the use of FAME B100 may be available for as little as $312/mtCO2e in 2028. -
Apr 15Bulk shipping industry body INTERCARGO is concerned about the complex nature of GHG reduction measures put forward by the IMO. -
Apr 15The gas lobby group thinks that e-methane and bio-LNG are more scalable than other alternative fuels. -
Apr 15Initial estimates indicate shipping can expect to pay about $76/mt extra in IMO 2028 compliance costs for every tonne of VLSFO consumed in 2028. -
Apr 14While the deal is likely to be formally adopted in October, those abstaining in last week's vote will need to be brought on-side, according to IBIA's IMO representative. -
Apr 14The shipping industry is busy digesting a complex but relatively unambitious new decarbonisation framework from its global regulator. -
Apr 11IMO secretary-general Arsenio Dominguez says the agreement reached this week should be seen as a positive outcome. -
Apr 10IMO's team approach will get the job done despite US delegation no-show. -
Apr 09A note from the US delegation argues against the promotion of 'hypothetical, expensive and unproven fuels'.
Top Stories More
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Apr 23Initial Ship & Bunker analysis shows ships would need to use between 17.6% and 23.3% biofuel in B100 terms to avoid penalty charges in 2028.
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Apr 18Initial Ship & Bunker estimates show surplus units generated by the use of FAME B100 may be available for as little as $312/mtCO2e in 2028.
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Apr 16Maria Angeles Lopez, decarbonisation manager at Peninsula, discusses the options shipping companies have for FuelEU Maritime compliance. -
Apr 15Initial estimates indicate shipping can expect to pay about $76/mt extra in IMO 2028 compliance costs for every tonne of VLSFO consumed in 2028.
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Apr 14The shipping industry is busy digesting a complex but relatively unambitious new decarbonisation framework from its global regulator.
Insights & Analysis More
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Apr 23Initial Ship & Bunker analysis shows ships would need to use between 17.6% and 23.3% biofuel in B100 terms to avoid penalty charges in 2028.
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Apr 18Initial Ship & Bunker estimates show surplus units generated by the use of FAME B100 may be available for as little as $312/mtCO2e in 2028.
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Apr 17If the Q1 total were replicated over the rest of 2025, Singapore's annual sales would reach 52 million mt, down by 4.5% from 2024's record high. -
Apr 16Steve Bee and Emilian Buksak of VPS discuss the new IMO 2028 deal. -
Apr 16Maria Angeles Lopez, decarbonisation manager at Peninsula, discusses the options shipping companies have for FuelEU Maritime compliance.
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Apr 15Initial estimates indicate shipping can expect to pay about $76/mt extra in IMO 2028 compliance costs for every tonne of VLSFO consumed in 2028.
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Apr 14Steve Bee of VPS discusses how to avoid engine damage from cat fines. -
Apr 14The shipping industry is busy digesting a complex but relatively unambitious new decarbonisation framework from its global regulator.
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Apr 11While market uncertainty has increased, Monjasa still expects to see the fourth-highest profits in its history in 2025, CFO Rasmus Knudsen tells Ship & Bunker. -
Apr 10Steve Bee of VPS discusses the use of advanced testing methods to avoid fuel quality problems.
Yemen & Red Sea Attacks
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Apr 21The move could significantly dent Houthi capabilities, as the group may lose vital Iranian naval support just as US forces intensify operations in the region. -
Mar 26Nearly 1 million mt of bunker fuel was sold in Port Louis in 2024, almost double that from 2023.
Decarbonisation and Alternative Marine Fuels & Power More
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Apr 23Initial Ship & Bunker analysis shows ships would need to use between 17.6% and 23.3% biofuel in B100 terms to avoid penalty charges in 2028.
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Apr 22Carbon capture's profitability under the IMO 2028 deal will depend upon the system used and how the carbon is disposed of, a Value Maritime representative tells Ship & Bunker. -
Apr 21Indonesia is partnering with HDF Energy to explore solar-powered green hydrogen as a pathway to decarbonise its shipping sector. -
Apr 18Initial Ship & Bunker estimates show surplus units generated by the use of FAME B100 may be available for as little as $312/mtCO2e in 2028.
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Apr 18Mitsui views e-fuels as a promising solution for reducing GHG emissions in the shipping sector.
Latest Bunker Prices See All Bunker Prices
| VLSFO | MGO | IFO380 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $/mt | +/- | $/mt | +/- | $/mt | +/- | |
| Global 4 Ports Average | 485.00 | 3.50 | 649.50 | 5.00 | 430.50 | 5.00 |
| Global 20 Ports Average | 529.00 | 2.50 | 724.00 | 1.50 | 465.00 | 4.00 |
| Global Average Bunker Price | 571.00 | 4.00 | 755.50 | 0.00 | 481.00 | 4.50 |
| Singapore | 506.50 | 6.50 | 622.50 | 7.00 | 451.00 | 6.50 |
| Rotterdam | 460.00 | 1.50 | 630.00 | 8.50 | 425.50 | 1.50 |
| Fujairah | 501.00 | 6.00 | 721.00 | 8.00 | 444.50 | 10.00 |
| Houston | 472.50 | 0.50 | 625.00 | 1.50 | 401.50 | 3.00 |
| Busan |
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| Colombo |
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| Durban |
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| Gibraltar | 499.00 | 0.00 | - | 476.50 | 5.50 | |
| Hong Kong | 515.00 | 3.50 | 630.50 | 6.00 | 476.00 | 9.00 |
| Istanbul | 588.50 | 3.00 | 712.00 | 0.50 | 513.50 | 2.00 |
| LA / LB | 553.50 | 10.50 | 693.00 | 10.00 | 473.00 | 6.00 |
| Las Palmas |
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| Mumbai |
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| New York | 498.50 | 3.50 | 671.50 | 5.00 | 440.00 | 1.00 |
| Cristobal, Panama |
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| Piraeus | 547.50 | 4.00 | 691.00 | 3.50 | 459.00 | 4.50 |
| Santos | 504.00 | 0.50 | 787.00 | 1.50 | - | |
| Shanghai |
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| St Petersburg | 555.00 | 5.00 | 712.50 | 0.00 | 410.00 | 0.00 |
| Tokyo |
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Top Bunker Prices All Prices
| VLSFO | MGO | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $/mt | +/- | $/mt | +/- | |
| Global 20 Ports Average | 529.00 | 2.50 | 724.00 | 1.50 |
| Global 4 Ports Average | 485.00 | 3.50 | 649.50 | 5.00 |
| Global Average Bunker Price | 571.00 | 4.00 | 755.50 | 0.00 |
| Singapore | 506.50 | 6.50 | 622.50 | 7.00 |
| Fujairah | 501.00 | 6.00 | 721.00 | 8.00 |
| Rotterdam | 460.00 | 1.50 | 630.00 | 8.50 |
| Houston | 472.50 | 0.50 | 625.00 | 1.50 |
Bunker Jobs
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Apr 22The company is looking for candidates with sales experience, particularly in maritime or fuels. -
Apr 15The company is looking for candidates with some experience in shipping, maritime or the oil industry and fluent Vietnamese and English. -
Apr 14The company is looking for candidates with proven bunker surveying experience and fluent English and Dutch. -
Apr 14The company is seeking candidates with at least ten years of experience in product management, product development and/or engineering for the Maidenhead-based role. -
Apr 09Maritime Recruitment Company Ltd is seeking candidates for a junior bunker trader role in Singapore, Vernon Jayanathan tells Ship & Bunker.
Popular Now More
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Apr 23Initial Ship & Bunker analysis shows ships would need to use between 17.6% and 23.3% biofuel in B100 terms to avoid penalty charges in 2028.
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Apr 22Carbon capture's profitability under the IMO 2028 deal will depend upon the system used and how the carbon is disposed of, a Value Maritime representative tells Ship & Bunker.
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Apr 21Chinese shipping firm COSCO says US port fees on Chinese vessels threaten the normal functioning of global shipping. -
Apr 21The move could significantly dent Houthi capabilities, as the group may lose vital Iranian naval support just as US forces intensify operations in the region.
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Apr 18Initial Ship & Bunker estimates show surplus units generated by the use of FAME B100 may be available for as little as $312/mtCO2e in 2028.
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Apr 22Zhoushan Qifan Shipyard is fully booked through 2028 after a major turnaround. -
Apr 16Maria Angeles Lopez, decarbonisation manager at Peninsula, discusses the options shipping companies have for FuelEU Maritime compliance.